Bloom Filter 是一种空间效率很高的随机数据结构,通过建立一个位数组,一系列的哈希函数来确定一个集合中某个值是否存在。
初始化
首先,假定一个位数组,有1028位,称1028为M值,并且全部初始化为0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,………………………,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,00,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
然后确定K个哈希函数
F1(),F2(),F3(),F4(),F5()………Fk()
存值
然后大约有50个字符串存在这个结构里,
S1,S2,S3,S4……..S50
取第一个S1,
R1=F1(S1)
R2=F2(S1)
R3=F3(S1)
………
Rk=Fk(S1)
Ri(1然后把R1到Rk对应填入位数组,取相应位为1,如若R1=250,那么取位数组[250]=1
判断
得到某个字符串S,需要判断S是否在位数组中,那么,可以通过K个函数的值是否在位数组为1来判断。
这个数据结构有一定的误差率,但是它保证只会把不在结构里的字符串判断为在里面,不会把在里面的判断为不在里面。
误差率跟位数组大小有关,所以需要在空间效率和准确率做一定取舍,位数组越大,准确率越高。
应用环境:
K/V存储时快速判断K的存在,特别是K为字符串
大数据的过滤环节,当大数据库分区时,数据库横跨在多个服务器上,可以在本地服务器先Bloom Filter.但是应建立在不符合的数据多时,比如1000W个数据查询,里面只有100个是有效的,可以采用Bloom Filter
用c写的简易版Bloom Filter
我用随机函数作为一系列的哈希函数。
#include #include
#include
#define LENGTH 1000000
#define TARGET 10000
typedef unsigned char bit;
bit* init(int length)
{
bit *bits=malloc(sizeof(bit)*length);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
bits[i]=0;
}
return bits;
}
void addValue(bit* bits,int s)
{
srand(s);
int i;
int temp;
for (i = 0; i < TARGET; i++)
{
temp=rand()%LENGTH;
bits[temp]=1;
}
}
int judge(bit* bits,int s)
{
srand(s);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < TARGET; i++)
{
if (bits[rand()%LENGTH]==0)
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
bit* bits=init(LENGTH);
int save[TARGET];
int i;
srand((time(NULL)));
for (i = 0; i < TARGET; i++)
save[i]=rand();
for (i = 0; i < TARGET/2; i++)
addValue(bits,save[i]);
int num=0;
for (i = 0; i < TARGET; i++)
{
if (judge(bits,save[i])==0)
num++;
}
printf("\nenter the num is %d",TARGET);
printf("\n%d",num);
return 0;
}
参考:
http://antognini.ch/papers/BloomFilters20080620.pdf
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